Hanna,  R.  Dallas 


Fossil  Freshwater  Mollusks 
from  Oregon 


UNIVERSITY    OF     OREGON     PUBLICATION 

Vol.  1  AUGUST.  1922  No.  12 


FOSSIL  FRESHWATER  MOLLUSKS 
FROM  OREGON 

Contained  in  the  Condon  Museum 

of  the  University  of 

Oregon 


BY 

G.  DALLAS  HANNA 


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By  G.  Dallas  Hanna,  August,  1920  50 

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No.12.  Fossil  Freshwater  Mollusks  from  Oregon,  Contained 
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G.  Dallas  Hanna.  August,  1922  1.00 


UNIVERSITY  PRESS  PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE 

Eric  W.  Allen,  Manager  University  Press,  Chairman. 
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FOSSIL  FRESHWATER  MOLLUSKS 
FROM  OREGON 

Contained  in  the  Condon  Museum 

of  the  University  of 

Oregon 


BY 

G.  DALLAS  HANNA 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE  UNIVERSITY 
UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

EUGENE 


901 


CONTENTS 

Page 

Introduction 3 


Description   of   Species    4 

Genus  Planorbis  Miiller 

Section  Paraplanorbis  Hanna 

Planorbis  (Paraplanorbis)  condoni,  n.  ep. 
Planorbis  (Torquis)  ecabiosus,  n.  sp. 

Genus  Parapholyx  Hanna,  new  name 
Parapholyx  paekardi,  B.  sp. 

Genus  Carinifex  Binney 
Carinifex,  sp. 

Genus  Vortieifex  Meek 

Vorticifex  binneyi  (Meek) 
Vortieifex  condoni,  n.  sp. 
Vortieifex,  sp. 

Genus  Lanx  Clessin 

Lanx  moribundus,  n.  sp. 
Lanx  nuttallii  (Haldeman)  f 

Genus  Paludestrina  d'Orbigny 

Paludestrina  microcoecus  (Pilsbry) 

Genus  Valvata  Miiller 

Valvata  oregonensis,  n.  sp. 

Genus  Viviparus  Montfort 
Viviparus,  sp. 

Genus  Pisidium  Pfeiffer 
Pisidium,  ep. 

List  of  Localities   13 

Explanation  of  Plates  15 


FOSSIL  FRESHWATER  MOLLUSKS 
FROM  OREGON 


INTRODUCTION 

The  University  of  Oregon  possesses  a  collection  of  fresh-water 
fossil  mollusca  which  was  assembled  by  the  pioneer  geologist  of 
the  state,  Prof.  Thomas  Condon.  "While  his  interest  was  chiefly 
centered  in  the  vertebrates,  he  collected  a  considerable  amount  of 
material  in  other  groups  as  well.  The  writer  has  already  reported 
upon  the  collection  of  fossil  land  shells  made  by  him,1  and  it  is 
through  the  courtesy  of  Dr.  Earl  L.  Packard  of  the  Department 
of  Geology  of  the  University  that  the  results  of  a  study  of  the 
freshwater  forms  is  here  presented. 

The  collection  contains  21  lots  of  material,  chiefly  from  sup- 
posed Pliocene  deposits  in  the  vicinity  of  Warner  Lake  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  state.  One  lot,  however,  appears  to  be  of 
Eocene  age  and  three  have  been  recorded  from  the  Pleistocene.  It 
must  be  explained,  however,  that  the  last  age  determination  was 
made  with  grave  doubt  as  to  its  correctness  because  we  know 
nothing  of  the  stratigraphy  of  the  deposits  involved.  The  basis 
was  solely  the  presence  of  the  genus  Carinifex  in  the  material.  It 
may  have  been  accidentally  excluded  from  the  other  lots  since  each 
one  consists  merely  of  a  block  of  the  material  as  it  existed  in  place. 
No  attempt  was  made  in  the  collecting  to  secure  a  full  representa- 
tion of  the  species  at  any  locality  and  as  a  consequence  some  of  the 
most  remarkable  forms  are  represented  only  by  fragments.  Un- 
doubtedly many  more,  not  here  recorded,  exist  at  the  various 
places  and  the  field  is  one  which  offers  great  possibilities  to  the 
trained  collector  of  fossil  shells. 

One  notable  feature  connected  with  every  locality  is  the  absence 
therefrom  of  any  species  of  the  genera  Lymnaea  and  Physa. 
Whether  this  is  merely  due  to  the  manner  in  which  the  collections 
were  made  or  whether  these  widespread  groups  actually  did  not 
exist  in  those  ancient  Oregon  lakes  can  of  course  not  be  stated  until 
further  field  work  is  done.  The  absence  of  all  UnionicUe  is  also 
noteworthy. 

1  H»nna,  G.  D.     Univ.  Or*.  Pub..  Vol.  1.  No.  «.  pp.  1-8.  pi.  1.  1920. 


Fossil  Freshwater  Mollusks  from  Oregon 

DESCRIPTION  OF  SPECIES 

GENUS:  PLANORBIS  MULLER 

SECTION  PARAPLANORBIS  HANNA,  NEW  SECTION 
Whorls  rounded  on  the  periphery  as  in  Helisoma  Swainson  but 
aperture  not  expanded,  umbilicus  very  narrow  and  size  minute. 
Type,  Planorbis  (Paraplanorbis)  condoni  Hanna,  new  species. 

PLANORBIS  CONDONI,  N.  SP. 
Plate  1,  figures  1,  2,  and  3 

Shell,  planorboid,  composed  of  about  4^  regularly  increasing 
whorls;  apical  cavity  a  cone  of  about  120  degrees.  Last  whorl 
slightly  angulated  about  the  upper  margin  and  descending  slightly 
at  the  aperture.  Lines  of  growth  fine  and  even,  giving  the  shell  a 
silky  luster.  Umbilicus  deeply  rimate,  .51  mm.  in  diameter.  Aper- 
ture roughly  triangular  but  rounded  on  the  outer  lip ;  not  expanded 
or  thickened  but  a  depression  both  above  and  below  the  periphery. 
Diameter,  2.67  mm. ;  altitude,  .35  mm. 

Type,  No.  14  University  of  Oregon.  Cast  of  same  No.  671, 
Mus.  California  Acad.  Sci. 

Type  from  University  of  Oregon,  Locality  212.  Vicinity  of 
"Warner  Lake,  eastern  Oregon.  Pliocene. 

This  little  shell  is  unlike  any  other  known  to  me;  it  could  not 
even  be  placed  in  any  of  the  sections  of  the  genus  Pldnorbis  as 
defined  by  Dall,  a  late  summarizes2  In  the  narrow,  deeply  reamed 
umbilicus  it  resembles  the  section  Hippeutis  Agassiz,  but  the  whorls 
are  not  planulate  on  top  or  carinated  on  the  periphery.  No  lamellae 
were  found  in  the  aperture,  thus  excluding  it  from  the  genus  Seg- 
mentina  which  it  somewhat  resembles. 

The  species  is  not  common,  only  three  specimens  having  been 
found  in  the  deposits  about  Warner  Lake.  These  display  almost 
no  variation  from  the  type  described  above,  except  in  being  some- 
what smaller  and  younger. 

PLANORBIS  (TORQUIS)  SCABIOSUS,  N.  SP. 

Plate  1,  figures  4,  5  and  6 

Shell  similar  in  size  and  shape  to  Planorbis  parvus  Say,  but  has 
more  whorls  for  the  same  size.  Whorls  increase  in  size  less  rapidly 
and  they  are  more  nearly  circular  in  cross  section.  The  apex  is 
slightly  depressed  below  the  plane  of  the  whorls.  Last  whorl  not 
depressed  at  the  aperture  and  aperture  not  expanded.  Umbilicus 
regularly  formed,  a  little  narrower  in  shells  of  the  same  size  than  in 
P.  parvus.  The  most  conspicuous  difference  is  in  the  lower  margin 
of  the  aperture.  In  P.  scabiosus  this  leaves  the  junction  of  the 

2  Ball,  W.  H.     Harriman  Alaska  Exp.,  Vol.  13,  p.  80,  etc.     1905. 

[4] 


Fossil  Freshwater  Mollusks  from  Oregon 

body  whorl  in  a  direction  almost  at  right  angles  to  the  diameter  of 
the  shell  while  in  P.  parvus  the  line  is  only  about  30  degrees  from 
the  horizontal.  This  makes  the  depth  of  the  aperture  in  proportion 
to  its  breadth  much  greater  in  P.  scdbiosus.  Diameter,  3.4  mm.; 
altitude,  1.1  mm. 

Type,  No.  15  University  of  Oregon.  Cast  of  same,  No.  678, 
Mus.  California  Acad.  Sci. 

Type  from  University  of  Oregon  locality  212.  Warner  Lake 
beds,  eastern  Oregon.  Pliocene. 

In  the  shape  of  the  whorls  this  little  species  differs  from  all 
other  species  of  the  small  planorbs  known  to  me.  The  sculpture 
consists  only  of  fine  regular  growth  lines  but  this  is  somewhat  ob- 
scured by  limy  incrustations  which  suggested  the  name.  The  species 
is  not  rare  at  the  type  locaity,  about  a  dozen  specimens  having  been 
found. 


GENUS:   PARAPHOLYX  HANNA,  NEW  NAME 

Pompholyx  Lea,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  Vol.  8,  p.  80,  1856.  Type, 
Pompholyx  effma  new  species.  Lea,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sei.,  Vol.  6,  p.  156,  pi. 
23,  fig.  69,  1866— Dall,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  Vol.  3,  p.  265,  1866.  (Describes 
new  subfamily,  Pompholinae,  possibly  new  family,  Pompholidae.  Figures  and 
description  of  external  anatomy  of  soft  parts.) — Binney,  Land  &  Fr.  Water 
Sh.  2,  Smith,  Misc.  Coll.  143,  pp.  73-4,  fig.  119,  1865.  (Two  views  of  type 
specimen.)— Dall,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  Vol.  pp.  333-340,  1870.  (Uses 
name  Pompholiginae  for  subfamily  including  Pompholyx,  Carinifex  and 
Choanomphalus  (?).  Not  Pompholiginae  Dall,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Vol  23, 
p.  814,  1901,  a  section  of  the  marine  genus,  Divaricella.) — Hannibal,  Proc.  Mai. 
Soc.  Lond.,  Vol.  10,  p.  162,  1912.— Walker,  Univ.  Mich.  Misc.. Pub.  6,  p.  14, 
105,  1018.  Not  Pompholyx,  Gosse,  Ann.  Nat.  Hist.,  Vol.  8,  p.  203,  1851,  a 
genus  of  Eotifera. 

When  Lea  established  the  genus  Pompholyx  for  the  West 
American  fresh-water  shell  he  evidently  was  unaware  that  the 
same  name  had  been  previously  used  for  a  genus  of  rotifers.  A 
search  of  available  literature  fails  to  disclose  any  other  name  that 
has  been  substituted  for  the  mollusk ;  therefore  the  new  name  Para- 
pholyx  is  proposed  with  the  same  type  species,  Pompholyx  efiusa 
Lea.  Pompholopsis  Call  (Type,  P.  whitei  Call)'  was  proposed  as 
a  subgenus  of  Pompholyx  to  contain  a  species  found  in  the  Tassa- 
jara  Lake  Beds,  California.  While  it  doubtless  belongs  to  the  same 
family  as  Parapholyx  it  is  not  believed  to  be  congeneric  and  is 
therefore  not  available  to  replace  the  preoccupied  name.  Call 
states  that  the  specimens  of  Pompholopsis  whitei  were  deposited  in 
the  collection  of  the  University  of  California  at  Berkeley  but  a 
search  conducted  therefor  by  Professor  Bruce  Clark  has  been  with- 
out success. 

»  Call,  R.  E.    Am.  Geol.,  Vol.  1,  p.  146,  vgs.  1-3.     1888. 

[5] 


Fossil  Freshwater  Mollusks  from  Oregon 

PABAPHOLYX  PACKARDI,  N.  SP. 
Plate  2,  figures  1,  2,  3,  4,  and  5 

Shell,  large  and  robust,  composed  of  about  3y2  whorls  which 
increase  rapidly;  suture  deeply  impressed  around  the  last  whorl, 
the  depression  almost  amounting  to  a  channel.  Spire  elevated  but 
apex  flattened  and  smooth.  The  shell  is  otherwise  coarsely  sculp- 
tured, the  second  whorl  being  marked  with  even  ribs  but  these  are 
gradually  obliterated  toward  the  aperture.  Aperture,  auricular, 
pointed  below  and  thickened  within;  columella  parallel  with  the 
axis  and  bearing  an  obtuse  tooth  at  its  center.  Umbilicus  closed 
by  a  deposit  of  callous  material ;  when  this  is  broken  away  the  per- 
foration is  found  to  vary  from  almost  nothing  to  about  two  milli- 
meters. 

MEASUREMENTS 

Diameter  Altitude 

15.4  13.2   (Type) 

13.7  11.4 
14.0  11.3 
17.6  13.9 

19.5  ly.l 

17.8  15.5 

5.5  6.0  (Fresh  shell  from  Locality  213) 

Type,  No.  16  University  of  Oregon.  Cast  of  same,  No.  672, 
Mus.  California  Acad.  Sci. 

Type  from  University  of  Oregon  locality  212.  Warner  Lake 
Beds,  eastern  Oregon,  Pliocene. 

This  and  Valvata  oregonensis  are  the  most  abundant  species 
collected  at  locality  212.  Large  numbers  of  the  shells  are  loosely 
cemented  into  a  mass  which  has  very  little  admixture  of  foreign 
material.  Great  variation  is  exhibited  in  the  series  studied,  the 
above  description,  with  the  exception  of  the  last  phrase,  being 
applicable  to  the  type  specimen  only.  It  however  represents  the 
most  common  variation.  Some  specimens  are  a  little  more  bulbous 
in  the  last  whorl ;  in  some  the  ribbing  continues  to  the  aperture  and 
in  some  the  ribbing  is  replaced  by  malleations.  These  variations 
in  sculpture  have  sometimes  been  attributed  to  saline  waters. 

GENUS:    CARINIFEX  BINNEY 

CARINIFEX,  SP. 

At  locality  210  and  possibly  212  there  are  fragmentary  remains 
of  a  species  of  the  genus  Carinifex  which  cannot  be  identified  with 
any  known  form.  The  species  is  characterized  by  its  very  narrow 
umbilicus  but  it  is  not  here  given  a  name  because  none  of  the 
specimens  seems  sufficiently  well  preserved  to  warrant  this  action. 
Some  specimens  grew  to  huge  size,  almost  two  inches  in  diameter. 
The  species  seems  to  be  closer  related  to  C.  ponsoribii  Smith,  which 
I  believe  to  be  restricted  solely  to  Klamath  Lake  at  present,  than 
any  other  but  differs  chiefly  in  having  a  much  narrower  umbilicus. 

[6] 


Fossil  Freshwater  Mollusks  from  Oregon 
GENUS:   VOBTICIFEX  MEEK 

Vortifex  Meek,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1870,  p.  59.  Type,  Carinifex 
(Vortifex)  tryoni  Meek,  new  species.  Proposed  as  subgenua  of  Carinife* 
Binney. 

Vorticifex  Meek,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N,  Y.  Vol.  9,  p.  353,  1870.  Corree- 
tion  of  Vortifex,  originally  misspelled.  (Vide  Scudder,  Nomen.  Zool.  Bull. 
19,  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum,  p.  352,  and  pt.  2,  p.  335,  1882.) 

Vorticifex  Meek,  Tryon,  Am.  Journ.  Conch.  Vol.  6,  pt.  3,  p.  285,  April, 
1871.  Review  of  Meek's  paper.  Vortifex  corrected  to  Vorticifex  and  Carini- 
fex tryoni  stated  to  be  the  type. 

Vorticifex  Meek,  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  40th  parallel,  Vol.  4,  p.  187,  1877. 
Subgenus  described  and  binneyi  and  tryoni  both  placed  therein. 

Vorticifex  Meek,  Call,  Am.  Geol.  Vol.  1,  p.  148,  1880.  Genus  formally 
described  and  Carinifex  binneyi  Meek  designated  as  type,  but  wrongly. 

Vorticifex,  Dall,  Harriman  Alaska  Exp.  Vol.  13,  p.  63,  1905.  (A  modifi- 
cation of  Carinifex  due  to  lake  waters  becoming  alkaline.) 

This  genus  was  proposed  by  Meek  for  some  shells  which  were 
collected  in  Nevada  by  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  under  Clarence 
King.  Authorities  have  differed  somewhat  in  the  designation  of 
the  type  species  but  I  think  there  can  be  no  question  that  V.  tryoni 
is  the  proper  one.  Meek  named  two  species  and  two  subspecies 
but  later  consideration  led  him  to  suspect  that  all  were  the  same. 
His  original  material  seems  not  to  have  been  subsequently  studied 
nor  does  it  appear  that  any  collector  has  revisited  the  type  locality. 
The  chief  distinguishing  features  of  the  genus  are  (1),  lack  of 
carinae,  either  at  periphery,  suture  or  around  umbilicus;  (2)  much 
rounder  body  whorl  than  Carinifex;  and  (3)  much  less  triangular 
aperture  than  Carinifex.  The  following  are  the  names  which  have 
been  assigned  to  the  genus:  tryoni  Meek,  tryoni  ventricosa  Meek, 
tryoni  concava  Meek,  binneyi  Meek,  and  condoni,  new  species.  In 
addition  to  these  there  are  certainly  two  others  represented  in  the 
eastern  Oregon  deposits  now  under  consideration  but  the  specimens 
are  too  fragmentary  for  description  or  naming. 

VORTICIFEX  BINNEYI    (MEEK) 
Plate  4,  figures  6,  7,  and  8 

Carinifex  binneyi  Meek,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1870,  p.  59.  "Fossil 
Hill,  Hotspring  Mountains,  Idaho  Terr.  Apparently  of  Miocene  or  later  age." 

Carinifex  (Vorticifex)  binneyi  Meek,  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  40th  parallel,  Vol. 
4,  p.  187,  pi.  17,  figs.  11,  lla,  1877.  Locality  corrected  to  "Fossil  Hill,  Kawsoh 
Mountains,  Nevada." 

Vorticifex  binneyi  Meek,  Call,  Am.  Geol.  Vol.  1,  p.  148,  fig.  6,  1880.  For- 
mal description  of  genus  Vorticifex  given  and  the  species  binneyi  cited  as  type 
but  this  action  was  untenable  as  explained  elsewhere. 

Carinifex  (Vorticifex)  binneyi  Meek,  White,  3rd  Ann.  Rep.  U.  S.  Geol. 
Surv.,  p.  448,  pi.  32,  figs.  5,  6,  1883.  General  account  of  the  species  and  ita 
locality. 

Pompholyx  (Carinifex)  binneyi  Meek,  Hannibal,  Proc.  Mai.  Soe.  London, 
Vol.  10,  p.  163,  1912.  Recorded  from  "Eocene:  Truckee  Lake  beds,  Nevada; 
Payette  Lake  beds,  Idaho." 

Shell  large  and  robust,  composed  of  3  to  4  whorls,  apex  slightly 
raised  above  plane  of  body  whorl.  Suture  usually  channeled; 

m 


Fossil  Freshwater  Mollusks  from  Oregon 

aperture  not  greatly  expanded,  roughly  triangular  in  shape  but 
rounded  at  the  outer  and  basal  angles.  Umbilicus  about  one-fourth 
the  diameter  of  the  shell.  Surface  marked  with  lines  of  growth, 
low  even  ridges  or  malleations.  Diameter,  17  mm. ;  altitude,  9.4 
mm. ;  width  of  umbilicus,  4.5  mm. 

The  above  description  is  based  upon  a  good  series  of  specimens 
from  University  of  Oregon  locality  210,  irom  the  vicinity  of  Warner 
Lake,  eastern  Oregon.  While  the  majority  of  the  shells  have  a 
higher  spire  and  a  narrower  umbilicus  than  Meek's  description 
and  figure  show,  these  variable  characters  seem  an  insufficient 
basis  for  the  creation  of  a  new  species  at  this  time.  Material  from 
the  original  locality  of  binneyi  is  very  badly  needed  for  comparison 
because  Meek  himself  came  to  doubt  the  distinctness  of  the  widely 
and  narrowly  umbilicated  forms  he  described  from  the  same  de- 
posit. Should  they  prove  to  be  the  same,  binneyi  will  take  prece- 
dence, having  page  priority. 

This  species  cannot  stand  as  the  type  of  Vorticifex  as  Call  has 
placed  it  because  Meek  used  the  subgeneric  name  only  with  tryoni. 
It  probably  was  his  intention  to  have  it  apply  to  both  species  be- 
cause he  later  so  used  it ;  nevertheless  he  did  not  do  so  in  his  original 
description  and  no  construction  can  be  placed  upon  his  original 
phrases  to  show  that  he  intended  binneyi  to  be  in  Vorticifex.  In 
his  review  of  Meek's  paper  Tryon  considered  tryoni  as  the  type  of 
the  new  subgenus,  if  priority  in  designation  be  desired. 

Hannibal  has  united  both  species  and  records  them  from  the 
Eocene,  a  very  doubtful  occurrence.  I  have  not  seen  authentic 
specimens  of  either  but  Meek's  descriptions  and  figures  certainly 
do  not  indicate  that  they  are  the  same.  He  had  a  good  series  of 
specimens  but  did  not  find  intergradation. 

Cotypes  are  No.  12,542  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum  from  Kawsoh  Moun- 
tains, Fossil  Hill,  Nevada.4 

VORTICIFEX  CONDONI,  N.  SP. 
Plate  4,  figures  9  and  10 

Shells  composed  of  3*4  whorls,  the  nuclear  1%  smooth  and 
polished.  Next  whorl  after  nucleus  with  10  high  ribs  which  con- 
tinue with  slightly  lessening  space  between  to  the  aperture.  Suture 
well  impressed  but  not  channeled.  Apex  raised  but  very  little 
above  the  plane  of  the  body  whorl.  Periphery,  rounded.  Umbili- 
cus wide,  exposing  whorls  to  the  apex,  a  little  more  than  one-third 
as  wide  as  the  greatest  diameter  of  the  shell.  The  base  of  the  shell 
is  obtusely  angulated  at  the  mouth  of  the  umbilicus.  Diameter, 
4.4  mm. ;  altitude,  2.1  mm. 

Type,  No.  17  University  of  Oregon.  Cast  of  same,  No.  675, 
Mus.  California  Acad.  Sci. 

Type  from  University  of  Oregon  locality  212,  Warner  Lake 
Beds,  eastern  Oregon.  Pliocene. 

«  Bull.  53,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

[8] 


Fossil  Freshwater  Mollusks  from  Oregon 

Only  one  specimen  of  this  interesting  species  was  found  at  the 
type  locality  but  it  is  abundant  at  locality  207  and  shows  but  little 
variation.  On  account  of  its  wide,  reamed  umbilicus  and  lack  of 
spiral  sculpture  or  carinse  it  clearly  belongs  to  the  genus  Vorticifex. 
The  heavy  ribs  distinguish  it  from  other  species  of  the  genus,  even 
if  it  were  not  for  its  small  size.  There  are  costate  specimens  of 
Parapholyx  packardi  in  abundance  in  the  same  deposit,  but  in 
them  the  altitude  of  the  shell  is  much  greater  in  proportion  to  the 
diameter,  the  umbilicus  is  very  small  or  absent,  and  specimens  of 
the  same  size  only  have  half  as  many  whorls.  It  differs  from  V. 
tryoni  by  its  smaller  size  and  much  coarser  sculpture. 

VORTICIFEX,  SP. 

Several  lots  of  material  from  Lake  County,  southeastern  Oregon, 
contain  imperfect  remains  of  a  huge  costate  species  of  Vorticifex. 
It  is  decidedly  different  from  any  known  species  but  no  specimen 
is  sufficiently  well  preserved  to  serve  as  a  type  although  the  char- 
acters can  be  fairly  well  determined  from  all.  The  spire  is  almost 
flush  with  the  top  of  the  rounded  body  whorl  which  is  marked  with 
heavy  ribs,  entirely  to  the  aperture.  The  distance  between  these 
ribs  is  more  than  two  millimeters  and  they  are  as  perfectly  formed 
as  the  sculpturing  on  any  marine  mollusk,  a  unique  character 
among  North  American  fresh-water  species.  The  umbilicus  is  nar- 
row, deep  and  angulated  around  the  margin.  The  characters  of 
the  aperture  could  not  be  determined  with  certainty.  This  is  one 
of  the  most  interesting  discoveries  in  fresh-water  molluscan  paleon- 
tology in  the  west  and  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  species  is  not 
represented  by  well  preserved  specimens. 

GENUS:   LANX  CLESSIN 

LANX  MORIBUNDUS,  N.  SP. 
Plate  1,  figures  8  and  9 

Shell  ovate,  the  apex  about  one-third  the  distance  from  the 
anterior  end.  Spire  elevated  and  acutely  pointed,  both  inside  and 
outside.  Sculpture  consists  of  rough  irregular  growth  ridges,  no 
radial  markings;  the  irregularities  of  the  outside  are  visible  on  the 
inside  as  concentric  ridges  of  uneven  strength.  Length,  17.5  mm. ; 
width,  14.5  mm. ;  height,  8.7  mm. 

Type  No.  18  University  of  Oregon.  Cast  of  same,  No.  673, 
Mus.  California  Acad.  Sci. 

Type  from  University  of  Oregon  locality  210,  Warner  Lake 
beds,  eastern  Oregon.  Pleistocene. 

This  singular  species  is  the  largest  of  North  American  fresh- 
water limpets.  The  collection  at  the  type  locality,  where  it  is 
fairly  common,  contains  one  imperfect  specimen  which  is  more 
than  22  millimeters  long;  the  type  is  of  only  average  size.  The 

[91 


Fossil  Freshwater  MoUusks.  from  Oreg.cn 

closest  relative  of  the  species  is  Lanx  undulate  (Meek)'  described 
from  the  Kaw-Sow  Mountains,  Nevada.  That  species,  however, 
has  distinct  undulations  on  the  posterior  slope  and  the  anterior 
slope  is  more  decidedly  concave.  In,  the  series  of  specimens  of 
moribundus  the  shape  is  found  to  be  decidedly  variable  in  outline 
but  the  height  of  the  shell  is  more  constant.  It  was  also  found  at 
localities  209  and  219,  both  in  the  vicinity  of  Warner  Lake. 

LANX  NUTTALLII   (HALDEMAN)  ? 
Plate  1,  figure  7 

Ancylus  (Velletea)  nuttallii  Haldeman,  Monog.  Freshwater  Univalve 
Shells,  pt.  3,  p.  3,  inside  of  back  cover,  1842.  Oregon — DeKay,  New  York  Moll., 
p.  13,  1843. 

Acroloxus  nuttallii  Hald.  Binney,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.  No.  143,  p.  147, 
1865.  Original  description  repeated. — Cooper,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  Vol.  4, 
p.  100,  1870.  Brief  description,  no  localities. — Cooper,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sei. 
Vol.  4,  p.  174,  1972.  Snake  River,  Washington,  one-half  inch  long,  sinistral 
apex.  Alameda  County,  [California?] 

Ancylus  nuttalli  Hald.  Carpenter,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.  252,  p.  85,  1872. 
A  note  by  J.  G.  Cooper  states  that  this  is  questionably  equal  to  A.  caurinus 
(Wm.  Cooper  (nomen  nudum)  of  the  Pac.  Bail.  E.  Eep.  Vol.  12,  pt.  2,  p.  378, 
1860.  J.  G.  Cooper  later  (Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.  2nd  ser.  Vol.  3,  pp.  70-91, 
1890)  considered  caurinus  distinct  and  Dall  (Harriman  Alaska  Exp.  Vol.  13, 
1905)  doubtfully  referred  it  to  A.  fragilis,  so  the  above  note  in  Carpenter's 
report  may  safely  be  ignored. 

Acroloxus  nuttalli  Hald.  Carpenter,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.  No.  252,  p.  161, 
1872.  Oregon.  Copy  of  Binney 's  record,  Syn.  Air  Breath.  Moll,  of  N.  A., 
Smith.  Inst.  No.  Ill,  Dec.  9,  1863. 

Lanx  nuttalli  (Haldeman),  Hannibal,  Proc.  Mai.  Soc.  London,  Vol.  10, 
p.  149,  1912.  Brief  description.  Listed  from  Columbia  Eiver  and  tributaries. 
Following  are  listed  as  synonyms:  crassus  Haldeman;  kooteniensis  Baird; 
subrotundatus  Tryon. 

Lanx  nuttallii  (Haldeman),  Walker,  Univ.  Mich.  Misc.  Pub.  No.  6,  p.  117, 
1918.  Citations  of  Binney  and  Haldeman  as  above. 

The  identification  of  the  fossil  shell  from  Warner  Lake  beds, 
University  of  Oregon  locality  212,  with  this  species  has  necessarily 
been  made  with  some  doubt.  A:  nuttallii  has  never  been  figured, 
apparently,  and  no  description  of  more  than  three  lines  has  been 
seen.  Of  course  for  identification  purposes  we  have  little  more 
than  a  nude  name.  If  the  fossil  were  perfect,  Haldeman 's  name 
would  be  ignored  as  unrecognizable  but,  as  the  figure  on  Plate  1 
shows,  our  shell  is  decidedly  too  imperfect  to  serve  as  a  type  speci- 
men. The  apex  and  part  of  the  margin  are  missing. 


GENUS:   PALUDESTRINA  D'ORBIGNY 
PALUDESTRINA  MICROCOCCUS  (PILSBRY) 

Plate  4,  figure  5 

Amnicola  micrococcus   Pilsbry,  in  Stearns,  North  Am.  Fauna  No.   7,  p. 
277,  fig.  1,  1893.     Oasis  Valley,  Nevada.     Death  Valley,  California.— Pilsbry, 

5  Meek,  F.  B.     Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1870,  p.  57.     Geol.  Exp.  40th  Parallel,  Vol. 
*.  p.  186,  pi.  17,  figs.  12  a-b,  1877. 

[10] 


Fossil  Freshwater  Mollusks  from  Oregon 

Nautilus,  Vol.  12,  p.  121,  1899,  Nye  Co.,  Nevada,  Esmeralda  Co.,  Nevada, 
Inyo  and  Kern  Counties,  California. — Pilsbry,  Nautilus,  Vol.  29,  p.  ill,  1916. 
Compared  to  neomexicana. 

Nine  specimens  from  University  of  Oregon  locality  212  differ 
from  this  desert  form  only  in  being  slightly  larger  in  size.  This 
does  not  seem  a  sufficient  difference  to  warrant  specific  separation. 
The  shape  and  number  of  whorls  in  the  two  are  the  same.  The 
nine  specimens  do  not  show  an  appreciable  range  in  size,  all  are 
about  the  same.  One  which  is  figured  measures :  altitude,  2.2  mm. ; 
diameter,  1-7  mm. 

The  generic  position  of  the  western  representatives  of  this  group 
has  not  been  satisfactorily  determined.  Since  most  of  them  have 
been  placed  in  the  genus  Paludestrina,  it  seems  best  to  retain  them 
all  there  until  the  question  can  be  thoroughly  solved.  Amnicola 
has  usually  been  applied  to  the  short  spired  forms  and  Paludestrina 
to  the  longer  ones,  a  distinction  which  appears  of  rather  minor 
value  in  this  case. 


GENUS:   VALVATA  MULLER 

VALVATA  OREGONENSIS,  N.  SP. 
Plate  3,  figures  1-18;  plate  4,  figures  1-4 

Valvata  whitei  Hannibal,  Nautilus,  Vol.  23,  pp.  104,  107,  1900.  (First 
mentioned  species.) 

Valvata  calli  Hannibal,  Nautilus,  Vol.  23,  pp.  104,  107,  1910. 

Valvata  tricarinata  (Say),  Hannibal,  Proc.  Mai.  Soc.  Lond.  Vol.  10,  p. 
197,  1912  (in  part). 

Shell  composed  of  four  whorls,  marked  with  none  to  three  spiral 
carinae.  Spire  normally  low  and  umbilicus  wide,  exposing  all  the 
whorls  to  the  apex.  There  is  great  variation  in  the  height  of  the 
spire  and  with  its  increase  there  is  a  proportionate  decrease  in  the 
width  of  the  umbilicus.  The  apical  two  whorls  are  flat  and  planu- 
late,  smooth  and  shining,  unmarked  with  carinae  even  when  the 
remainder  of  the  shell  may  have  three.  Sculpture  is  comparatively 
uniform  in  character,  being  composed  of  fine  growth  lines. 

MEASUREMENTS 

Diameter,  mm.       Altitude,  mm. 

8.0  5.0  (Type  ecannate) 

7.8  5.3 

6.9  3.7 
5.3  3.8 

6.5  3.7 

6.1  3.2 
6.3  4.4 

4.6  4.0 

6.2  5.4-5.2 
5.2  5.0 
4.6  2.6 

[11] 


Fossil  Freshwater  Mollusks  from  Oregon 

Type  No.  19,  10  paratypes,  Condon  Museum,  University  of 
Oregon.  Casts  of  same,  No.  674  Mus.  California  Acad.  Sci. 

Type  from  University  of  Oregon  locality  212,  Warner  Lake 
beds,  eastern  Oregon.  Pliocene. 

This  is  the  largest  North  American  Valvata,  one  huge  broken 
specimen  being  almost  10  mm.  in  diameter.  It  is  characterized  by 
its  flat  nuclear  whorls  and  generally  flat  shell.  Only  rarely  is  the 
spire  as  elevated  as  the  maximum  shown  in  the  figures,  while  great 
numbers  are  as  flat  as  the  lowest.  The  thickness  of  the  shells  is 
greater  than  of  any  other  species  seen.  Valvata  virens  from  Clear 
Lake,  California,  has  a  uniformly  higher  spire  and  is  never  cari- 
nated;  also  the  suture  is  deeper  and  the  peristome  is  attached  to 
the  body  whorl  in  part.  In  V.  oregonensis  the  peristome  is  entire. 
V.  utahensis  Call "  has  a  uniformly  higher  spire,  deeper  suture  and 
narrower  umbilicus.  Moreover,  although  it  is  a  carinate  species, 
the  nuclear  whorls  are  not  discoidal.  V.  sincera  likewise  has  deeper 
sutures  and  an  acute  apex.  The  new  species  of  course  resembles 
the  various  forms  of  V.  tricarinata  more  than  any  other  but  this 
last  does  not  have  all  of  the  variations  in  the  same  colony,  at  least 
not  in  the  colonies  familiar  to  me.  The  carinae  of  tricarinata  are 
high  and  acute  while  in  V.  oregonensis  they  are  rounded  when 
present.  Also  in  tricarinata  the  sutures  are  deeper,  the  sculpture 
as  a  rule  coarser,  and  the  nuclear  whorls  are  elevated  even  in  the 
low  spired  forms  of  the  species. 

This  species  was  briefly  described  under  two  names  in  1910  by 
Hannibal.  Or  at  any  rate  there  are  two  specimens  in  Stanford 
University  which  are  marked  "types"  of  V.  whitei  and  V.  calli, 
and  they  answer  to  the  descriptions  which  accompany  those  names. 
Dr.  J.  P.  Smith  kindly  permitted  casts  of  them  to  be  made  for  the 
California  Academy  of  Sciences  where  they  bear  the  numbers  643 
and  644.  These  species  were  described  from  specimens  collected 
near  Sumner  Lake,  Oregon,  by  F.  M.  Anderson.  Hannibal  never 
published  illustrations  of  his  species  and  later  threw  both  of  them 
into  the  synonomy  of  V.  tricarinata. 

It  may  be  challenged  that  all  of  the  variations  shown  on  plates 
3  and  4  cannot  belong  to  the  same  species  but  they  all  came  from 
a  single  block  of  material,  the  longest  dimention  of  which  was  not 
over  three  inches.  Under  such  a  circumstance  and  with  every 
possible  stage  of  intergradation,  a  multiplicity  of  names  would  seem 
superfluous. 

V.  oregonensis  was  a  very  common  species  in  eastern  Oregon  in 
Pleistocene  time.  The  University  of  Oregon  collection  contains 
specimens  from  numerous  localities  about  Warner  Lake,  Snake 
River  Valley  and  in  Lake  County. 


6  Call,  R.  E.     Bull.  11.  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv..  p.  44,  pi.  6,  figs.  1-3.     1884. 

[12] 


Fossil  Freshwater  Mollusks  from  Oregon 


GENUS  :  VIVIPARUS  MONTFOBT 

VIVIPABUS,  SP. 

One  lot  of  material  from  University  of  Oregon  locality  211, 
said  to  have  come  from  between  Crooked  River  and  Harney  Lake, 
Oregon,  consists  entirely  of  compressed  shells,  thoroughly  cemented 
and  crystallized.  All  are  so  badly  distorted  that  specific  identifica- 
tion is  impossible  but  conspicuous  in  the  mass  is  a  robust  Viviparus 
similar  to  some  of  the  species,  leai  for  instance,  from  the  Laramie 
and  Eocene  strata  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  is  possibly  the  same 
as  V.  washingtonianus  Hannibal,7  but  does  not  appear  to  be  sub- 
carinate  on  the  periphery.  The  last  was  described  from  the 
"Tejon"  Eocene  strata  of  Little  Falls,  Washington.  The  Oregon 
shells  appear  more  like  V.  turneri  Hannibal 8  described  from  Eocene 
strata,  Truckee  Lake  beds,  Nevada.  Since  no  member  of  the  family 
Viviparidae  is  known  to  have  persisted  west  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains after  the  Eocene,  it  seems  safe  to  refer  the  material  from 
locality  211  to  that  age. 


GENUS:   PISIDIUM  PFEIFFER 
PISIDIUM,  SP. 

The  collection  of  shells  from  University  of  Oregon  locality  212, 
Warner  Lake  beds  of  eastern  Oregon,  contains  numerous  specimens 
of  Pisidium.  There  appear  to  be  two  species  represented,  a  smooth 
one  and  a  rugose  one,  but  the  nomenclature  in  this  genus  is  so  tre- 
mendously confused  that  identification  is  exceedingly  difficult, 
well  nigh  impossible  with  certainty. 


LIST  OF  LOCALITIES 

University  of  Oregon  locality  numbers  200,  201,  202,  203,  204,  Snake 
River  Valley,  Oregon.  Pliocene.  Contains  Valvata  oregonensis,  Parapholyx 
packardi,  Pisidium  sp.,  and  a  huge  species  of  costate  Vorticifex.  Preservation 
is  so  poor  that  specific  identification  is  not  possible  with  certainty,  the  shells 
being  usually  represented  by  casts,  or  impressions.  The  Vorticifex  is  unde- 
scribed  and  represented  by  fragments  at  several  localities. 

205.  Central  Oregon.    Pliocene.  Contains  Valvata  oregonensis,  Parapholyx 
packardi  and  a  species  of  Pisidium  firmly  cemented  together.     The  shells  are 
not  easily  extracted. 

206.  No  locality.     Contains  poorly  preserved   Valvata  oregonensis,  Para- 
pholyx packardi  and  the  costate  Vorticifex. 

207.  Snake   River   Valley,   Oregon.     Pliocene.      Vorticifex   condoni  abun- 
dant; Pisidium,  two  species  abundant;  Parapholyx  packardi  and  Valvata  ore- 


*  Hannibal,  H.     Proc.  Mai.  Soc.,  London,  Vol.  10,  p.  194,  pi.  8,  fig.  32,  1912. 
8  Opt.  Cit.,  p.  194,  pi.  8,  fig.  31. 

[13] 


Fossil  Freshwater  'Mollusks  from  Oregon 

gonensis  not  so  common.     Material  is  firmly  cemented  together  but  shells  come, 
out  fairly  well  preserved. 

208.  Snake  River  Valley,  Oregon.  Pliocene.    Contains  Valvata  oregonensis, 
Paraphotyx  packardi,  Planorbis  scdbiosus  and  numerous  Ostracod  shells  firmly 
cemented  together  with  sand  and  shell  fragments  and  pieces  of  lava  rock. 

209.  Warner  Lake,   Oregon.     Plestocene?     Hard   calcareous   cement,  the 
shells  of  which  have  been  dissolved  away.    Contains  casts  or  imprints  of  Valvata 
oregonensis,  Parapholyx  packardi,  Pisidium  »p.,  Vorticifex  new  species,  Vorti- 
cifex,  cf.  binneyi  and  Lanx  moribundus. 

210.  Warner  Lake,  Oregon.     Pleistocene!     Well  preserved  fossils,  toughly 
cemented    together    with    careareous    deposit.      Contains    Valvata    oregonensis, 
Parapholyx    packardi,    Vorticifex    condoni,    Vorticifex    binneyi,    Paludestrina 
micrococcus,  Pisidium  sp.,  Carinifex  sp.,  Lanx  moribundus. 

211.  Between  Crooked  River  and  Harney  Lake,  Oregon.     Eocene*     Con- 
tains Viviparus.    Material  consists  of  shells  and  fragments  thoroughly  crushed, 
compressed  and  cemented. 

212.  Warner  Lake,   Oregon.     Pliocene.     Well   preserved   fossils  in   loose 
sandy  cement.     Contains  Valvata  oregonensis,  Parapholyx  packardi,  Lanx  sp., 
Pisidium  sp.,  Planorbis  scdbiosus,  Paludestrina  micrococcus,  Vorticifex  condoni 
and  Carinifex  (?)  sp. 

213.  Warner  Lake,  Oregon.     Pliocene.     Well  preserved  shells  loosely  ce- 
mented together.     Contains   Valvata  oregonensis,  Parapholyx  packardi  and  a 
Pisidium, 

214.  215,   216.    Lake   County,   southeastern   Oregon.     Pliocene.     Contains 
Valvata   oregonensis,   Parapholyx   packardi   and   the   huge   costate    Vorticifex. 
Matrix  is  a  firm  cement  and  shells  are  represented  by  casts  and  imprints. 

217.  Lake  County,  southeastern  Oregon.    Contains  Lanx  «p.  and  two  other 
species  of  Gastropods  which  cannot  be  determined.     The  material  is  a  hard 
limestone,  brown  in  color,  the  shells  being  preserved  as  casts  only. 

218.  Lake  County,   Oregon.     Pliocene.     Well  preserved   shells   loosely   ce- 
mented together.     Contains   Valvata  oregonensis,  Parapholyx  packardi  and  a 
Pisidium. 

219.  Warner  Lake,   Oregon.     Pleistocene!     Hard   calcareous   cement,   the. 
shells  of  which  have  been  dissolved  away  in  large  part.     Contains  casts  and 
molds  of  Valvata  oregonensis,  Parapholyx  packardi,  Pisidium  sp.,  Vorticifea 
new  species  and  Vorticifex  e'f.  binneyi,  Lanx. 


Transmitted  July  13,  1922     Issued  August  29,  1922 


[1*1 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES 


PLATE  1 

Figures  1,  2,  and  3. — Planorbis  condoni,  n.  sp.     Type.     Diameter,  2.67  mm.; 
altitude,  .55  mm. 

Figures  4,  5,  and  6. — Planorbis  scabiosus,  n.  sp.     Type.     Diameter,  3.4  mm.; 
altitude,  1.1  mm. 

Figure  7. — Lanx  nuttallii  (Haldeman)  ?     Length,  6.4  mm.;  width,  5.7  mm. 

Figure  8. — Lanx  moribundus,  n.   sp.     Type.     Length,   17.5   mm.;    width,    14.5 
mm.;  height,  8.7  mm. 

Figure  9. — Lanx   moribundus,   n.   sp.     Paratype.      Length,    15.1    mm.;    width, 
11.5  mm.;  height,  8.9  mm., 


16 


PLATE  1 


PLATE  2 

Figure   1. — Parajilioh/x  packardi,  n.  sp.     Type.     Diameter,   15.4  mm.;   altitude, 
13.2  mm.' 

Figure  2. — Parapholi/x  packardi,  n.  sp.     Paratype.     Diameter,   14.0  mm.;    alti- 
tude,   11.:$   mm. 

Figure  3. — Pam/iJioli/x  jiackardi,  n.  sp.     Paratype.     Diameter,   19.5  mm.;   alti- 
tude, 17.1  mm. 

Figure  4. — Ptinijtholi/j-  packardi,  n.  sp.     Paratype.      Diameter,   17.8  mm.;    alti- 
tude,   15.5   mm. 

Figure  5. — Parapholyx  packardi,  n.  sp.     Paratype.      Diameter,  13.7  mm.;   alti- 
tude, 11.4  mm. 


[18] 


PLATE  2 


PLATE  3 

Figures  1  and  -. —  J'tilratti  O>VY/O»OJM'V,  n.  sp.  Type.  Diameter,  8.0  nun.; 
altitude,  5.0  nun. 

Figures  3  and  4. —  I'tilrtila  orcf/onen.^in,  n.  sp.  Paratype.  Enlarged  5.5  di- 
ameters. Showing  elevation  of  spire  and  slight  formation 
of  marginal  carina. 

Figures  5  and  (i. —  I'ah'tilti  orcf/oiiciibiN,  n.  sp.  Para  type.  Enlarged  5.5  di- 
ameters. Spire  much  elevated  and  marginal  carina  more 
pronounced. 

Figures  7  and  8. —  }'<ilrtilii  orei/oneii^is,  n.  sp.  Paratype.  Enlarged  5.5  di- 
ameters. Spire  depressed,  dorsal  carina  present. 

Figures  9  and  10. —  I'alriild  f»'ef/oiirn.\iti,  n.  sp.  Paratype.  Enlarged  5.5  di- 
ameters. Spire  depressed,  basal  carina  present. 

FFignres  11  and  1^. —  Valrata  orcf/onrn^ix,  n.  sp.  Paratype.  Enlarged  5.5 
diameters.  Spire  greatly  elevated,  marginal  car:na  present. 

Figures  i:>  and  1  I. —  I'lilrdtn  orcf/oiirnxis,  u.  sj>.  Pamtype.  Enlarged  5.5 
diameters.  Spire  greatly  depressed,  basal  earina  present. 

Figures  15  and  Hi. —  I'dlrtild  oref/onni.^is,  n.  sp.  Paratype.  Enlarged  5.5 
diameters.  Spire  normal;  dorsal  and  basal  carinse  present. 

figures  17  and  18. —  r<ilnit/i  orci/niK'tit-ix.  n.  sp.  Paratype.  Enlarged  5.5 
diameters.  Spire  elevated,  dorsal,  marginal  and  basal 
carina1  present. 


20 


PLATE  3 


PLATE  4 

Figures   1   and  2. —  Valrain    oregonf-nats,   n.   sp.       Paratype.       Enlarged  5.5   di- 
ameters.    Dorsal,  marginal  and  basal  carinae  present. 

Figures  3   and   4. —  rnlrata   oreyoiirnsis,   n.   sp.      Paratype.       Enlarged   5.5   di- 
ameters.    Dorsal,  marginal  and  basal  carinae  present. 

Figure  5. — PalumlcxtriiHt  microcoecus  (Pilsbry).  Diameter,  1.7  mm.;  altitude, 
'2.'2  mm. 

Figures  0,  7,  and  8. —  I'orlit'ifejr  binncyi  (Meek).  Fig.  6,  measures:  diameter, 
14.1  mm.;  altitude,  9.2  mm.  Fig.  7,  measures:  diameter,  17.1  mm.; 
altitude,  0.8  mm.  Fig.  8,  measures:  diameter,  12.8  mm.;  altitude, 
0  mm. 

Figures  9  and  10. —  rorlicife.r  condoni,  n.  sp.  Type.  Diameter,  4.4  mm.; 
altitude,  2.1  mm. 


[22 


PLATE  4 


DATE  DUE 


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